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PTO-41 is a blood-brain barrier-permeable near-infrared fluorescent probe that targets β-amyloid oligomers (Aβ Oligomers, AβOs) with a Kd of 349 nM. PTO-41 exhibits low cytotoxicity, high sensitivity to β-amyloid oligomers in in vitro phantom imaging, and can be rapidly cleared from the brain. PTO-41 is applicable to the research of Alzheimer's disease (Ex/Em = 538 nM/680 nM).

PTO-41 (25 μM) can selectively bind to Aβ42 oligomers in the biological environment associated with the brain, producing significantly stronger near-infrared fluorescence signals than when bound to Aβ42 monomers or aggregates.
PTO-41 (0.1-10 μM; 24 h) has extremely low cytotoxicity towards SH-SY5Y human nerve cells, and even after 24 h of incubation, there is still almost no cytotoxicity at concentrations as high as 10 μM.

PTO-41 (4 mg/kg; intravenous injection; Single injection can penetrate the brain barrier and specifically label β - amyloid oligomers in 4-month-old APP/PS1 mice; At 30 minutes after injection, the NIRF signal of transgenic mice was 1.30 times higher than that of wild-type controls.
PTO-41 (intravenous injection) exhibits high brain barrier penetration and rapid brain clearance ability in healthy ICR mice, with an initial brain uptake of 9.04% ID/g and a clearance rate of 5.0 at 2 minutes after injection.

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