Anagliptin is a highly selective, potent inhibitor of DPP-IV, with an IC50 of 3.8 nM, and less selective at DPP-8/9 (68, 60 nM, respectively). Anagliptin does not affect CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP1A2, and CYP2D6 (IC50 >10 μM) or CYP3A4, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP1A2 at 50 μM. Anagliptin hydrochloride does not bind to the hERG channel (E-4031, >90% inhibition at 0.1 μM, IC50 >500 μM in patch clamp using HEK 293 cells). Anagliptin (1-100 μM) dose-dependently suppresses-DPP-4-induced smooth muscle cells (SMCs) proliferation, and reduces TNF-α production in cultured monocytes.