C2 Ceramide (Ceramide 2) is the main lipid of the stratum corneum and a protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activator. C2 Ceramide activates PP2A and ceramide-activated protein phosphatase (CAPP). C2 Ceramide induces cells differentiation, autophagy and apoptosis, inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III. C2 Ceramide is also a skin conditioning agent that protects the epidermal barrier from water loss.
体外研究
C2 Ceramide (5 nM-200 µM; 24 hours; primary mouse osteoblasts) treatment (≤500 nM) promots osteoblast viability, whilst concentrations ≥2 µM significantly reduces osteoblast viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
C2 Ceramide increases cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragments by 5.7- and 11.2-fold at 50 µM and 100 µM C2 Ceramide concentrations respectively in osteoblasts. At these higher concentrations, C2 Ceramide is a potent inducer of apoptosis in osteoblasts.
C2 Ceramide up-regulates mRNA expression of angiogenic genes in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) and increases the migration and capillary tube formation of endothelial cells, whereas PP1 small interfering RNA shows opposite effects. Human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) increases levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2, phosphorylation of Smad 1/5/8, and mRNA expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 and osterix.
Cell Viability Assay
Cell Line:
Primary mouse osteoblasts
Concentration:
5 nM-200 µM
Incubation Time:
24 hours
Result:
Murine osteoblasts demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in their survival rate when exposed to low concentrations of 5-500 n M. Increasing concentrations of 20-200µM caused a dose-dependent decrease in mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity and osteoblast survival.
体内研究
The PP1 activator C2 Ceramide increases alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralizes nodule formation, and mRNA expression of dentin matrix protein 1 and dentin sialophosphoprotein. In contrast, knockdown by PP1 small interfering RNA inhibits odontoblastic differentiation.
分子式
C20H39NO3
分子量
341.53
CAS号
3102-57-6
中文名称
C2 神经酰胺
运输条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.