Stachyose is an oligosaccharide and prebiotic. In vivo, stachyose (1 g/kg per day) reduces the number of colonic lesions and serum TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17a levels, as well as increases gut levels of Akkermansia and the probiotic Lactobacillus, in a rat model of colitis induced by dextran sulfate . It decreases serum LPS, IL-6, and TNF-α levels and enriches Phascolarctobacterium, Bilophila, Oscillospira, and Turicibacter in the gut microbiota in a rat model of diabetes induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin . Stachyose also enhances berberine-induced blood glucose control and improvements in insulin resistance, as well as decreases the fecal concentration of short-chain fatty acids, in the KKAγ mouse model of type 2 diabetes