Atazanavir is an azapeptide inhibitor of HIV-1 protease (K = 2.66 nM). It has antiviral activity against a variety of HIV-1 strains in several cell types with EC values ranging from 2.62 to 5.28 nM. Atazanavir exhibits a minor synergistic effect when used in combination with the reverse transcriptase inhibitor zidovudine in HIV-1-infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and an additive effect when used in combination with several additional reverse transcriptase or HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Atazanavir also inhibits UDP-glucuronyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), which is involved in bilirubin clearance. Formulations containing atazanavir have been used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
Atazanavir is a highly selective and orally active HIV-1 protease inhibitor . Atazanavir is a substrate and inhibitor of CYP3A4, and an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Atazanavir is also a SARS-CoV 3CLpro inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.49 μM. Atazanavir inhibits cardiac fibrosis, hyperlipidemia and induces malignant glioma death.
IC50&Target
CYP3
HIV-1
体外研究
Atazanavir (1-10 μM, 72 h) alleviates hypoxia induced proliferation of rat cardiac fibroblasts (rCFs) by regulating the HMGB1/TLR9 pathway.
Atazanavir (1-10 μM, 72 h) inhibited the expression of collagen I, collagen III, HMGB1, p-I κ B α, and p-NF - κ B in rat cardiac fibroblasts.
Atazanavir (1-10 μM, 48 h) inhibits the growth of A, U251, T98G, and LN229 cells and induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in U251, T98G, and LN229 cells.
Atazanavir (6.0 μM) triggered Ca2+transient and plasma membrane foaming in C2C12 skeletal muscle myotubes cells.
Cell Proliferation Assay
Cell Line:
Rat cardiac fibroblasts (rCFs)
Concentration:
0, 1, 3, 10 μM
Incubation Time:
72 hours
Result:
Inhibited rCFs proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner.
Western Blot Analysis
Cell Line:
Rat cardiac fibroblasts (rCFs)
Concentration:
0, 1, 3, 10 μM
Incubation Time:
72 hours
Result:
Reduced collagen I and collagen III levels in a concentration-dependent manner.
Inhibited HMGB1, p-IκBα and p-NF-κB expression.
Cell Viability Assay
Cell Line:
A, U251, T98G, LN229 glioblastoma cell
Concentration:
0, 12, 25, 50, 75, 100 μM
Incubation Time:
48 hours
Result:
Reduced cell growth and survival.
Western Blot Analysis
Cell Line:
U251, T98G, and LN229 glioblastoma cell lines
Concentration:
0, 12, 25, 50, 75, 100 μM
Incubation Time:
48 hours
Result:
Increased GRP78 and CHOP protein levels dose-dependently and activated caspase-4 in all cell lines.
体内研究
Atazanavir (30 mg/kg, i.g., once daily for 4 weeks) reduced collagen deposition and inhibited cardiac remodeling in myocardial infarction (MI) model rats.
Animal Model:
The myocardial infarction (MI) model was established in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats through surgical procedures[4].
Dosage:
30 mg/kg
Administration:
i.g., daily, 4 weeks
Result:
Significantly improved systolic pressure (LVSP), +dp/dtmax and −dp/dtmax after MI.
Decreased the non-infarcted LV and hypertrophy of the myocytes.
Significantly attenuated an increase in morphometrical collagen volume fraction in the border left ventricle.
Lowered the heart index (heart-weight to body-weight ratio).
Decreased expressions of α-SMA, HMGB1, TLR 9, p-NF-κB, collagen I and collagen III, and the content of Hyp.
分子式
C38H52N6O7
分子量
704.86
CAS号
198904-31-3
中文名称
阿扎那韦
运输条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.