c-di-AMP diammonium signaling is a central factor in many Gram-positive bacteria regulating cell wall synthesis, potassium ion channels, DNA repair, and biofilm formation. c-di-AMP is also essential for cell growth, survival, and virulence of several well-known human pathogenic bacteria including S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, S. pyogenes, and Mycobacterium spp.
c-di-AMP diammonium combines with model antigens, such as OVA or β-Gal, acts as a potent mucosal adjuvant stimulating both humoral and cellular responses.