Free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3; GPR41) is a G protein-coupled receptor activated by short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). It is expressed in adipose tissue, the gastrointestinal tract, and the peripheral nervous system, and it is involved in SCFA-dependent energy regulation. AR420626 is a selective agonist of FFAR3 (GPR41; IC = 117 nM) that does not activate the related receptor FFAR2 (GPR43) at concentrations up to 100 µM. At 10 µM, it can stimulate a 1.26-fold increased release of glucagon-like peptide-1 from colonic crypt cultures.
AR420626 is a selective agonist of free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3) (IC50=117 nM). AR420626 has anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antidiabetic activities. AR420626 improves neurogenic diarrhea by inhibiting nAChR mediated neural pathways. AR420626 inhibits the growth of HepG2 xenografts and inhibits the proliferation of hepatoma cells by inducing apoptosis. AR420626 also suppresses allergic asthma and eczema and has the ability to activate GPR41 to increase Ca2+ signal-mediated glucose uptake and improve diabetes[1][2][3].
体外研究
AR420626 (10 μM) can inhibit the contraction of rat proximal colon circular muscle strips induced by 100 μM nicotine and the relaxation of rat proximal colon circular muscle strips induced by 10 μM nicotine [1].
AR420626 (10 μM) reversed NO mediated cyclic muscle relaxation induced by Serotonin (100 μM) [1].
AR420626 (10 and 25 µM; 48 h) inhibited the proliferation of HLE and HepG2 cells at a concentration of 25 µM for 48 h, and induced apoptosis of HepG2 and HLE cells by inhibiting HDAC induced TNF - α [2].
AR420626 (25 µM; 1, 3, 12, and 24 h) induced mTOR phosphorylation in HepG2 cells and HLE cells 1 hour after administration and continued for 24 hours [2].
AR420626 (0.25, 0.5, and 1 µM; 1 h) increases Ca2+influx and GLUT4 translocation by activating CaMKII, CREB, and p38 in C2C12 myotubes, thereby increasing basal and insulin stimulated glucose uptake.
Cell Proliferation Assay
Cell Line:
HepG2 cells and HLE cells
Concentration:
10, 25 µM
Incubation Time:
24, 48 and 72 h
Result:
Inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells at 25 µM for 24 h, 10 µM and 25 µM for 48 h and 72 h, and inhibited the proliferation of HLE cells at 25 µM for 48 h, 10 µM and 25 µM for 72 h.
Western Blot Analysis
Cell Line:
HCC cells
Concentration:
10, 25 µM
Incubation Time:
48 h
Result:
Increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3 in a dose-dependent manner.
Increased cleaved caspase-8 in HCC cells in a dose-dependent manner and slightly increased cleaved caspase-9 in HepG2 cells at 25 µM.
Western Blot Analysis
Cell Line:
HCC cells
Concentration:
25 µM
Incubation Time:
1, 3, 12 and 24 h
Result:
Reduced the levels of HDAC 4-7 at 1 h and gradually decreased to 24h, reduced the levels of HDAC 1-3 at 24h, and reduced the levels of HDAC8 at 1h and gradually decreased to 24h in HepG2 cells.
Upregulated histone H3 acetylation level at 3 h and gradually increased to 24 h in HepG2 cells.
RT-PCR
Cell Line:
HCC cells
Concentration:
10, 25 µM
Incubation Time:
1, 3, 12 and 24 h
Result:
Increased the TNF-α mRNA level in HepG2 cells from 1 to 24 hours, reaching a peak at around 24 hours at a dose of 25µM, the TNF-α mRNA level in HLE cells from 1 to 24 hours was dose-dependent, reaching a peak at around 3 hours.
体内研究
AR420626 (0.1 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection, single dose injection) can significantly inhibit serotonin induced defecation in male Sprague Dawley rats [1].
AR420626 (0.1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection; Day 0-4; 0.2 mg/kg, Intraperitoneal injection; On days 7-11, the growth of male SHO nude mice transplanted with HepG2 was inhibited.
AR420626 (0.1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection; Administration of modeling agent 30 minutes before induction inhibited the immune response in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of BALB/c mice induced by Ovalbumins and suppressed the immune response in lung tissue; And inhibit the skin inflammatory immune response, cervical lymph node immune response, and development of eczema symptoms induced by 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB) in BALB/c mice.
AR420626 (13.32 and 26.64 μ g/kg, intraperitoneal injection; Once a day for 7 days) at a dose of 26.64 μ g/kg, the plasma insulin level and skeletal muscle glycogen content of male ICR mice with Streptozotocin induced diabetes and C57BL/6 mice with high fat diet induced diabetes were increased to improve glucose tolerance.
Animal Model:
HepG2 xenograft model in male SHO nude mice
Dosage:
0.1 mg/kg on days 0-4 after tumors reach 500-1000 mm3
0.2 mg/kg on days 7-11 after tumors reach 500-1000 mm3
Administration:
Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)
Result:
Inhibited the growth of HepG2 xenograft mice, and still had an inhibitory effect on the weight of mice after stopping administration.
Animal Model:
Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma induction in BALB/c mice
Dosage:
0.1 mg/kg
Administration:
Intraperitoneal injection 30 min before OVA sensitization (D0 and D14) or 30 min before OVA challenge (D28, D29, and D30)
Result:
Suppressed the increased IL-4 and IL-17A levels.
Suppressed the increase in the number of eosinophils and total immune cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).
Inhibited the increase of cytokine (IL-4, IL-13, IFN-γ and IL-17a) levels.
Animal Model:
1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced eczema model in BALB/c mice
Dosage:
0.1 mg/kg
Administration:
Intraperitoneal injection 30 min before the DNCB challenge from day 19
Result:
Reduced the number of accumulated immune cells and mast cells, inhibited acanthosis and epidermal thickening and mast cell accumulation, and inhibited IL-17A, TSLP and IL-8 levels.
Inhibited immune responses in the cervical lymph nodes, size enlargement, and expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, but did not enhance the proportion of CD4+FoxP3+ Treg cells.
分子式
C21H18Cl2N2O3
分子量
417.3
CAS号
1798310-55-0
中文名称
AR420626
运输条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
储存方式
Powder
-20°C
3 years
4°C
2 years
In solvent
-80°C
6 months
-20°C
1 month
溶解性数据
In Vitro:
DMSO : 20 mg/mL (47.93 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)