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Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Apoptosis(1579)

Cat. No.	Product Name	CAS No.	Purity
KM9825	GGTI-2418 GGTI-2418 是一种高效，竞争性和选择性的香叶基香叶基转移酶 I (GGTase I) 抑制剂。GGTI-2418 抑制 GGTase I 和 FTase 活性，IC₅₀ 分别为 9.5 nM 和 53 μM。GGTI-2418 还增强 p27(Kip1) 并诱导乳腺肿瘤显着消退。	501010-06-6	98%
KM9534	GGTI298 GGTI298 是有效的 GGTase I 抑制剂，能够抑制 geranylgeranylated Rap1A 的过程，对 farnesylated Ha-Ras 的过程也有一定影响，在体内，IC₅₀ 值分别为 3 和 > 20 μM。	180977-44-0	≥96%
KM9626	GGTI298 Trifluoroacetate GGTI298 Trifluoroacetate 是有效的 GGTase I* 抑制剂, 能够抑制 Rap1A 且 IC₅₀ 值为3μM；对 Ha-Ras 的作用很小 IC₅₀ 值 > 20 μM。*	1217457-86-7	≥98%
KM19074	Ginkgetin Ginkgetin 是一种从银杏叶中分离得到的双黄酮。Ginkgetin 具有抗肿瘤，抗炎，神经保护，抗真菌的作用。Ginkgetin 也是一种有效的 Wnt 信号抑制剂，IC50 值为 5.92 μM。	481-46-9	98%
KM18677	Ginkgolide B Ginkgolide B (BN-52021) 是一种萜类物质，是银杏叶中的重要的活性物质之一。	15291-77-7	≥98%
KM6096	Ginsenoside F2 Ginsenoside F2 是Ginsenoside Rb1 的代谢物，可诱导乳腺癌干细胞的凋亡和保护性自噬。	62025-49-4	98%
KM17381	Ginsenoside F4 Ginsenoside F4 (GF4)，人参皂甙，从三七或红参中分离。Ginsenoside F4 (GF4) 通过诱导凋亡 (apoptosis) 对人淋巴细胞瘤 JK 细胞具有抑制作用。 Ginsenoside F4 (GF4) 抑制 IL-1β 处理的软骨细胞中基质金属蛋白酶 13 (MMP 13) 的表达，阻断兔软骨组织培养中的软骨损坏，可防止病变组织的软骨胶原基质分解。	181225-33-2	98%
KM4064	Ginsenoside F5 Ginsenoside F5，可从 Panax ginseng* 中提物，通过凋亡 (apoptosis) 途径显着抑制 HL-60 细胞生长。*	189513-26-6	98%
KM13903	Ginsenoside Rg1 Ginsenoside Rg1 是人参的主要活性成分之一。Ginsenoside Rg1 改善认知功能受损，通过降低大脑 Aβ 水平来发挥作用。Ginsenoside Rg1 减少 NF-κB* 核易位。*	22427-39-0	≥98%
KM18527	Ginsenoside Rg6 Ginsenoside Rg6 在 HepG2 细胞中抑制 TNF-α 诱导的 NF-κB* 转录活性， IC₅₀ 为 29.34 μM。Ginsenoside Rg6 还具有细胞凋亡诱导作用。*	147419-93-0	98%
KM19972	Ginsenoside Rh2	78214-33-2	≥98%
KM17110	Ginsenoside Rk1 Ginsenoside Rk1 人参皂苷 Rk1 是人参的高温加工提取物。 Ginsenoside Rk1 具有抗炎作用，抑制 Jak2/Stat3 信号通路和 NF-κB 的激活。 Ginsenoside Rk1 具有抗肿瘤作用，抗血小板聚集活性，抗炎作用，抗胰岛素抵抗，肾保护作用，抗菌作用，认知功能增强，脂质积聚减少和预防骨质疏松症。 Ginsenoside Rk1 通过触发细胞内活性氧 (ROS) 生成和阻断 PI3K/Akt 途径诱导细胞凋亡。	494753-69-4	98%
KM19868	Girinimbine	23095-44-5	98%
KM18532	Glaucocalyxin A Glaucocalyxin A，一种来自日本黑纹病菌 (Rabdosia japonica var.) 的对映型月桂基二萜，通过调节 PI3K/Akt 信号通路抑制 GLI1 的核易位，从而诱导骨肉瘤凋亡。Glaucocalyxin A 具有抗肿瘤作用。	79498-31-0	98%
KM19552	Gliotoxin Gliotoxin 是一种次生代谢产物，是 A. fumigatus 分泌的最丰富的霉菌毒素，抑制巨噬细胞的吞噬作用和其他免疫细胞的免疫功能。Gliotoxin 通过阻止 IκB 降解来抑制诱导型 NF-κB 活性，从而诱导宿主细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)。 Gliotoxin 可以激活 PKA 并增加细胞内 cAMP 浓度; 调节肌动蛋白细胞骨架重排以促进 A. fumigatus 内化到肺上皮细胞。	67-99-2	98%
KM14433	Glucagon-Like Peptide (GLP) II, human Glucagon-Like Peptide (GLP) II, human 是由原胰高血糖素 C 端衍生的33 氨基酸肽，主要由肠道L细胞产生。Glucagon-Like Peptide (GLP) II 可刺激肠粘膜生长，减少肠细胞的凋亡。	89750-15-2	98%
KM13960	Glycitein 黄豆黄素(Glycitein)是一种大豆异黄酮，用于研究细胞凋亡和抗氧化。	40957-83-3	98%
KM17760	Glycochenodeoxycholic acid Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (Chenodeoxycholylglycine) 是一种从脱氧鹅胆酸和甘氨酸在肝脏中形成的胆汁盐。它起到洗涤剂的作用，可溶解脂肪吸收，并本身被吸收。Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (Chenodeoxycholylglycine) 诱导肝细胞凋亡。	640-79-9	≥98%
KM17583	Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt (Chenodeoxycholylglycine sodium salt) 是一种从脱氧鹅胆酸和甘氨酸在肝脏中形成的胆汁盐。它起到洗涤剂的作用，可溶解脂肪吸收，并本身被吸收。Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt (Chenodeoxycholylglycine sodium salt) 可诱导肝细胞凋亡。	16564-43-5	≥98%
KM16030	Glyphosate Glyphosate 是一种氨基酸甘氨酸的除草衍生物。Glyphosate 靶向并阻断一种在动物中没有发现的植物代谢途径，莽草酸途径，这是植物合成芳香氨基酸所必需的。	1071-83-6	≥98%