IC50: 1 nM ZK-93423 is an anxiolytic drug from the β-Carboline family, which is a nonbenzodiazepine GABAA receptor agonist. The GABAA receptor is an ligand-gated ion channel and ionotropic receptor. In vitro: The full agonist ZK-93423 is not subtype selective and stimulates α1, α2, α3, and α5-subunit containing GABAA receptors equally [α1β32 (Ki = 4.1 nM), α2β32 (Ki = 4.2 nM), α3β32 (Ki = 6.0 nM), α5β32 (Ki = 4.5 nM), α6β32 (Ki >1000 nM) . ZK-93423 has also been used as a base to develop new and improved beta-carboline derivatives and help map the binding site of the GABAA receptor. In rats trained to discriminate PTZ from saline, the PTZ cue was antagonized by ZK 93423, which indicated ZK 93423 may exhibit anxiolytic quality . In vivo: ZK 93423 showd to have anxiolytic properties on animal models of anxiety, including social interaction, vogel, geller serfter, 4-plate test and elevated plus-maze. The anxiogenic and anxiolytic actions are mediated by the BDZ binding sites