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Jatrorrhizine is an alkaloid isolated from Coptis chinensis with neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities. Jatrorrhizine is a potent and orally active inhibitor of AChE (IC₅₀=872 nM) over >115-fold selectivity for BuChE. Jatrorrhizine reduces uptake of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) via inhibition of uptake-2 transporters.

Jatrorrhizine has antiplasmodial and antiamoebic activity, it against Plasmodium falciparum and E. histolytica with IC₅₀ values of 3.15 and 82.7 µM, respectively.
The hOCT2 (organic cation transporter 2), hOCT3, and PMAT (plasma membrane monoamine transporter) are capable of transporting monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain.
Jatrorrhizine has the inhibitory potency of jatrorrhizine on 5-HT and NE uptake in hOCT2-, hOCT3-, and PMAT-transfected cells. Jatrorrhizine strongly inhibits PMAT-mediated MPP uptake with an IC₅₀ value of 1.05 μM and reduces 5-HT and NE uptake mediated by hOCT2, hOCT3, and hPMAT with IC₅₀ values of 0.1-1 μM (for OCT2 and OCT3) and 1-10 μM (for PMAT).
Clearance of neurotransmitters released into the synaptic cleft is defined by two distinct processes. Uptake-1, the common target of current applied antidepressants, is comprised of the serotonin transporter (SERT), the “SERT”, had a high affinity but low capacity to take up [3H]5-HT. Uptake-2 transporters are an important supplementary regulation system in monoamine clearancethought to be the “NET”, has low affinity but high capacity to take up [H]5-HT into brain slices.
Jatrorrhizine significantly inhibited 5-HT and NE uptake in synaptosomes at 25 μM and 50 μM.

Jatrorrhizine (intraperitoneal injection; 5, 10, 20 mg/kg) can significantly reduce the duration of immobility when compared with vehicle control group in tail suspension test (TST).

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