Tacrolimus (FK506) inhibits calcium-dependent events, such as IL-2 gene transcription, NO synthase activation, cell degranulation, and apoptosis. Tacrolimus also potentiates the actions of glucocorticoids and progesterone by binding to FKBPs contained within the hormone receptor complex, preventing degradation. The agent may enhance expression of the TGFβ-1 gene in a fashion analogous to that demonstrated for CsA. T cell proliferation in response to ligation of the T cell receptor is inhibited by Tacrolimus. Treatment with a low concentration of Tacrolimus (FK506,10 μg/L) does not significantly affect the proliferation of MH3924A cells (P=0.135). Upon treatment with higher concentrations of Tacrolimus (100-1,000 μg/L), the proliferation of MH3924A cells is significantly enhanced (P<0.01). Treatment with AMD3100 at any concentration (10, 50 or 100 μg/L), has no obvious effect on MH3924A cell proliferation (P>0.05). However, when different concentrations of AMD3100 are combined with 100 μg/L Tacrolimus, the in vitro proliferation of MH3924A cells is increased (P<0.01).