Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.
There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.
Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.
Cat. No. | Product Name | CAS No. | Purity | Chemical Structure |
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KM18055 |
Calcimycin hemimagnesium
Calcimycin (A-23187) hemimagnesium 是一种抗生素和独特的二价阳离子离子载体 (divalent cation ionophore),如钙离子和镁离子。Calcimycin hemimagnesium 通过增加细胞内钙浓度诱导 Ca2+ 依赖性细胞死亡。Calcimycin hemimagnesium 抑制革兰氏阳性细菌和一些真菌的生长,还抑制 ATP 酶的活性并解耦哺乳动物细胞的氧化磷酸化 (OXPHOS),诱导细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)。 |
72124-77-7 |
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KM6369 |
Calcium dobesilate
Calcium dobesilate 是一种血管保护剂,在许多国家广泛用于慢性静脉疾病、糖尿病视网膜病变以及痔疮发作等研究。 |
20123-80-2 | ≥98% |
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KM15565 |
Calicheamicin
Calicheamicin 是一种肿瘤抗生素,也是有效的细胞毒性试剂,可引起DNA双链断裂。Calicheamicin 抑制 DNA 合成。 |
108212-75-5 | 98% |
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KM4259 |
Calpeptin
Calpeptin 是一种有效的、具有细胞穿透性的 calpain 抑制剂,其对人血小板 Calpain I 的ID50 值为40 nM。Calpeptin 也是cathepsin K 的抑制剂。 |
117591-20-5 | ≥98% |
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KM15382 |
Calycosin
毛蕊异黄酮 (Calycosin)是一抗氧化和抗炎症活性天然化合物。 |
20575-57-9 | 98% |
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KM6673 |
Cambinol
Cambinol 是一种 SIRT1 和 SIRT2 的抑制剂,IC50 值分别为 56 μM 和 59 μM。Cambinol 是中性鞘磷脂酶 (N-SMase) 的抑制剂(外泌体抑制剂)。 |
14513-15-6 | 98% |
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KM12955 |
Camellianin A
Camellianin A 是 A. nitida 叶中主要的黄酮类化合物,具有抗癌活性和抗血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE) 活性。Camellianin A 能抑制人 Hep G2 和 MCF-7 细胞的增殖,诱导细胞 G0/G1 期停滞。 |
109232-77-1 |
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KM10664 |
Camptothecin
Camptothecin (CPT),一种生物碱,是一种 DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) 抑制剂,其 IC50 值为 679 nM。Camptothecin (CPT) 对结直肠癌、乳腺癌、肺癌和卵巢癌具有强大的抗肿瘤活性,通过改变人类癌细胞中的 miRNA 表达模式来调节 hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) 活性。 |
7689-03-4 | 98% |
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KM16043 |
Candesartan Cilexetil
Candesartan Cilexetil (TCV-116)是血管紧张素II拮抗剂,可用于高血压。 |
145040-37-5 | 98% |
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KM14338 |
Cannabigerol
Cannabigerol 是一种主要的植物大麻素,在 CB1 和 CB2 受体上表现为弱部分激动剂。Cannabigerol 也是一种相对有效和高效的 TRPA1 激动剂(EC50=0.7μM),TRPV1 和 TRPV2 的弱激动剂 (分别为 1.3 和 1.72 μM),以及有效的 TRPM8 (0.16 μM) 和 5-HT1A 受体拮抗剂。Cannabigerol是一种有效的 α2-肾上腺素受体激动剂 (0.2 nM)。Cannabigerol促进 CRC 细胞凋亡 (apoptosis),刺激 活性氧 ROS 产生,上调 CHOP mRNA,减少细胞生长。 |
25654-31-3 |
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KM19251 |
Capecitabine
Capecitabine 是一种可用于口服的前药,可由胸苷磷酸化酶催化转变为其活性代谢物 Fluorouracil (FU)。 |
154361-50-9 | 98% |
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KM7346 |
Capmatinib
Capmatinib (INC280; INCB28060) 是一种有效的,口服活性的,选择性的,ATP 竞争性的 c-Met 激酶抑制剂 (IC50=0.13 nM)。Capmatinib (INC280; INCB28060) 有效抑制 c-Met 依赖性肿瘤细胞的增殖和迁移,并有效诱导细胞凋亡。抗肿瘤活性。 |
1029712-80-8 | 98% |
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KM8731 |
Capsaicin
Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin) 是辣椒中的活性成分,是一种 TRPV1 激动剂。Capsaicin 具有减轻疼痛、抗氧化、抗炎、神经保护和抗癌作用。 |
404-86-4 | 98% |
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KM9750 |
Capsaicinoid
Capsaicinoid 是辣椒素和二氢辣椒素的混合物,是一种辣椒素受体 (TRPV1) 激动剂。 |
404-86-4 | 98% |
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KM8999 |
Capsazepine
Capsazepine是感觉神经元兴奋毒素的合成类似物,和TRPV1 受体拮抗剂,其中IC50 为562 nM。 |
138977-28-3 | 98% |
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KM2602 |
Carfilzomib
Carfilzomib (PR-171) 是不可逆的蛋白酶体 (proteasome) 抑制剂,其在ANBL-6和RPMI 8226细胞中的 IC50 为5 nM。 |
868540-17-4 |
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KM18764 |
Carnosic acid
Carnosic acid 能够抑制氧化应激和炎症,抑制细胞增殖,并拥有抗菌活性。 |
3650-09-7 | 98% |
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KM20308 | Carvacrol | 499-75-2 | 98% |
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KM5118 |
Casein Kinase inhibitor A51
Casein Kinase inhibitor A51 是一种有效且具有口服活性的酪蛋白激酶 1α (CK1α) 抑制剂。Casein Kinase inhibitor A51 可诱导白血病细胞凋亡 (apoptosis),并具有有效的抗白血病活性。 |
2079068-74-7 | 98% |
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KM5119 |
Casein Kinase inhibitor A86
Casein Kinase inhibitor A86 是一种有效且具有口服活性的酪蛋白激酶 1α (CK1α) 抑制剂。Casein Kinase inhibitor A86 还抑制 CDK7 (TFIIH) 和 CDK9 (P-TEFb)。Casein Kinase inhibitor A86 可诱导白血病细胞凋亡 (apoptosis),并具有有效的抗白血病活性。 |
2079069-01-3 | 98% |
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