Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.
There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.
Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.
Cat. No. | Product Name | CAS No. | Purity | Chemical Structure |
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KE7622 | Diethyl phthalate | 84-66-2 | ≥95% |
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KM16870 |
Diffractaic acid
Diffractaic acid 是 U. longissimi 的主要成分,在各种疾病研究中可作为有效的促凋亡剂。Diffractaic acid 还具有止痛和解热效果。 |
436-32-8 |
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KM15263 |
Dihydroartemisinin
Dihydroartemisinin是一种有效的抗疟疾 (anti-malaria) 药物。 |
71939-50-9 | ≥98% |
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KM12397 |
Dihydroisotanshinone I
Dihydroisotanshinone I 是丹参中的一种生物活性化合物,可抑制雄激素依赖性和雄激素非依赖性前列腺癌细胞的迁移。Dihydroisotanshinone I 还诱导这些肺癌细胞的凋亡 (apoptosis) 和铁死亡 (ferroptosis)。Dihydroisotanshinone I 还阻断 GPX4 的蛋白表达。 |
20958-18-3 | 98% |
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KM13860 |
Dihydrokaempferol
Dihydrokaempferol 是从紫荆花 Bauhinia championii (Benth) 中分离得到的。 Dihydrokaempferol 诱导 apoptosis 并抑制 Bcl-2 和 Bcl-xL 的表达。Dihydrokaempferol 可以作为抗关节炎新药的良好候选。 |
480-20-6 | 98% |
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KM17476 |
Dihydrorotenone
Dihydrorotenone 是一种天然杀虫剂,是一种线粒体 (mitochondrial) 抑制剂。Dihydrorotenone 可能诱发帕金森综合症。Dihydrorotenone 通过触发内质网应激并激活 p38 信号通路来诱导人浆细胞凋亡 (apoptosis) |
6659-45-6 | 98% |
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KM9613 |
DIM-C-pPhOH
DIM-C-pPhOH 是核受体 4A1 (NR4A1) 拮抗剂。DIM-C-pPhOH 抑制癌细胞的生长和 mTOR 信号传导,诱导细胞凋亡和细胞应激。DIM-C-pPhOH 可降低细胞增殖,对 ACHN 细胞和 786-O 细胞的 IC50 值分别为 13.6 μM 和 13.0 μM。 |
151358-47-3 | 98% |
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KM2617 |
Dinaciclib
Dinaciclib (SCH 727965) 是一种有效的选择性 CDK 抑制剂,抑制 CDK2,CDK5,CDK1 和 CDK9 的 IC50 分别为 1 nM,1 nM,3 nM 和 4 nM。 |
779353-01-4 | 98% |
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KM4778 |
Dinoprost
Dinoprost (Prostaglandin F2α) 是一种口服有效的前列腺素 F (PGF) 受体 (FP receptor) 激动剂。Dinoprost 是在子宫内膜腔上皮和黄体 (CL) 中局部产生的溶酶激素。Dinoprost 在分娩过程中起关键作用。 |
551-11-1 | 98% |
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KM4779 |
Dinoprost tromethamine salt
Dinoprost tromethamine salt (Prostaglandin F2α tromethamine salt) 是一种口服有效的前列腺素 F (PGF) 受体 (FP receptor) 激动剂。Dinoprost tromethamine salt 是在子宫内膜腔上皮和黄体 (CL) 中局部产生的溶酶激素。Dinoprost tromethamine salt 在分娩过程中起关键作用。 |
38562-01-5 | ≥98% |
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KM14636 |
Dioscin
Dioscin(CCRIS 4123; Collettiside III)是天然的植物来源的甾体皂苷,针对多种癌细胞有较好的抗癌活性。 |
19057-60-4 | 98% |
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KM18908 |
Diosgenin glucoside
Diosgenin glucoside 是一种来自 Tritulus terrestris L. 的皂苷元化合物,通过调节小胶质细胞 M1 极化提供神经保护。Diosgenin glucoside 通过调节自噬和减轻细胞凋亡来保护脊髓免受损伤。 |
14144-06-0 | 98% |
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KM13921 |
Disitertide
Disitertide (P144) TFA 是转化生长因子 TGFβ1 的多肽抑制剂,特异性的阻断其与受体间的相互作用。Disitertide (P144) 也是PI3K 的抑制剂和凋亡 (apoptosis) 诱导剂。 |
272105-42-7 |
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KM13537 |
Disitertide TFA
Disitertide (P144) TFA 是转化生长因子 TGFβ1 的多肽抑制剂,特异性的阻断其与受体间的相互作用。Disitertide (P144) TFA 也是PI3K 的抑制剂和凋亡 (apoptosis) 诱导剂。 |
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KM9145 |
DJ001
DJ001 是一种高度特异性,选择性和非竞争性的蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶-σ (PTPσ) 抑制剂,IC50 为 1.43 μM。DJ001 对其他磷酸酶无抑制活性,对蛋白质磷酸酶 5 仅有中等抑制活性。DJ001 促进造血干细胞再生。 |
2161305-12-8 | 98% |
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KM6270 |
DMU-212
DMU-212 是一种白藜芦醇 甲基化衍生物,具有抗分裂、抗增殖、抗氧化和促进细胞凋亡的活性。DMU-212 通过诱导凋亡 (apoptosis) 和激活 ERK1/2 蛋白导致有丝分裂停止。DMU-212 具有口服活性。 |
134029-62-2 | 98% |
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KM19201 |
Docetaxel
Docetaxel (RP-56976) 是一种微管解聚 (microtubule depolymerization) 抑制剂,其 IC50 值为 0.2 μM。Docetaxel 是紫杉醇的半合成类似物,能减弱 bcl-2 和 bcl-xL 基因表达的影响。Docetaxel 阻滞 G2/M 细胞周期,导致细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)。Docetaxel 具有抗肿瘤活性。 |
114977-28-5 | 98% |
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KM19048 |
Docetaxel Trihydrate
Docetaxel Trihydrate (RP-56976 Trihydrate) 是一种抗肿瘤试剂,抑制微管解聚 (microtubule depolymerization) 的 IC50 值为 0.2 μM。Docetaxel Trihydrate 是紫杉醇的半合成类似物,能减弱 bcl-2 和 bcl-xL 基因表达的影响。Docetaxel Trihydrate 阻滞G2/M细胞周期,导致细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)。 |
148408-66-6 | 98% |
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KM19131 |
Docetaxel-d9
Docetaxel-d9 (RP-56976-d9) 是 Docetaxel 的氘代物。Docetaxel (RP-56976) 是一种微管解聚 (microtubule depolymerization) 抑制剂,其 IC50 值为 0.2 μM。Docetaxel 是紫杉醇的半合成类似物,能减弱 bcl-2 和 bcl-xL 基因表达的影响。Docetaxel 阻滞 G2/M 细胞周期,导致细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)。Docetaxel 具有抗肿瘤活性。 |
940867-25-4 |
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KM9797 |
Domatinostat
Domatinostat (4SC-202 free base) 是一种 I 型 HDAC 抑制剂,能够抑制 HDAC1,HDAC2,和 HDAC3 的活性,IC50 值分别为 1.20 μM,1.12 μM 和 0.57 μM;同时能够抑制组蛋白赖氨酸特异性脱甲基酶1 (Lysine specific demethylase 1) 的活性。 |
910462-43-0 | 98% |
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